Molecular Biochemical Aspects of Cancer by Undurti N. Das

Author:Undurti N. Das
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9781071607411
Publisher: Springer US

PUFAs and Telomerase Activity

Telomerase , also called terminal transferase, is a ribonucleoprotein that adds a species-dependent telomere repeat sequence to the 3′ end of telomeres, a region located at each end of eukaryotic chromosomes in most eukaryotes. Telomere protects the end of the chromosome from DNA damage or from fusion with neighboring chromosomes. Telomerase is a reverse transcriptase enzyme that carries its own RNA molecule to elongate telomeres. Telomerase is active in normal stem cells and most cancer cells but is normally present at very low levels in somatic cells.

High telomerase activity present in cancer cells can be inhibited by PUFAs due to their ability to downregulate human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and c-myc expression via protein kinase C inhibition. Thus, PUFAs directly inhibit the enzymatic activity of telomerase and modulate the telomerase at the transcriptional level [358, 483, 484].

In addition, PUFAs modulate immune response (as discussed previously) and inhibit the adhesion of tumor cells to endothelium [485, 486], a property that will inhibit tumor metastasis and suppress tumor growth. As already discussed above, GLA and other PUFAs enhance tumor cell chemosensitivity [358, 452–463, 487, 488].

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